Global
Pathology
Review

Global Pathology Review

Published byGlobal Pathology Publications

Issue01 · Michigan A–C

DateOctober 2026

ISSN3144-0649

Editorial board17 members across 8 countries

Onlineglobalpathologypublications.com · www.pathiq.in

Address8 The Green, Suite A · Dover, Delaware 19901 · United States

All rights reserved. Profiles are compiled from published sources and carry their references at the back of the issue.

Who made this issue.

Every profile in this issue was researched from published sources — institutional faculty pages, named professorships, peer-reviewed papers, society records and, where a post or a retirement needed a date, governing-board minutes. Nothing was written from memory, and no quotation has been attributed to anyone who did not publish it.

Where a source contradicts itself, or two sources disagree about a rank, the conflict is recorded in the profile rather than resolved silently. The corrections page at the back lists what research changed.

ResearchCompiled from published institutional and peer-reviewed sources

EditingGlobal Pathology Review editorial desk

PortraitsReproduced from the publisher's image set; rights not cleared

TypefacesPlayfair Display, Libre Baskerville, DM Sans

The Global Editorial Board.

Seventeen members across eight countries. The board reviews what this magazine publishes and decides what it should cover next; where a member’s country is not recorded in the register, that is shown rather than guessed.

Global Pathology Review · globalpathologypublications.com · www.pathiq.in

The Americas

Rouba Ali-FehmiUnited States · Breast and gynaecologic pathology-- Thomas AnnesleyUnited States · Clinical chemistry-- Lois J. ArendUnited States · Renal pathology-- Michael A. BachmanUnited States · Clinical microbiology-- Sara E. BaileyUnited States · Breast pathology-- Ulysses G. J. BalisUnited States · Pathology informatics-- Robert C. BellUnited States · Haematopathology and informatics-- Bryan L. BetzUnited States · Molecular diagnostics-- Daniel F. BoyerUnited States · Haematopathology-- Thomas BrennUnited States · Dermatopathology-- Scott C. BreslerUnited States · Dermatopathology-- Noah A. BrownUnited States · Molecular diagnostics and haematopathology-- Sandra Camelo-PiraguaUnited States · Neuropathology-- Richard L. CantleyUnited States · Cytopathology-- May P. ChanUnited States · Dermatopathology-- David B. ChapelUnited States · Gynaecological pathology-- Ellen E. ChapelUnited States · Breast pathology-- Heather Chen-YostUnited States · Cytopathology and pulmonary pathology-- Jerome Y. ChengUnited States · Pathology informatics-- Stephen W. ChensueUnited States · Inflammation and immunology-- Eun-Young Karen ChoiUnited States · Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pathology-- Jensyn K. Cone SullivanUnited States · Transfusion medicine-- Kyle S. ConwayUnited States · Neuropathology--

Rouba Ali-Fehmi took her medical degree at Damascus University in 1989.

She completed a pathology residency at Case Western Reserve in 1998, then two fellowships at Wayne State University — one in obstetric and gynaecologic pathology, one in cytopathology.

She is now professor of pathology at the University of Michigan, medical director of breast pathology, and director of the breast pathology fellowship.

She holds a parallel clinical professorship at Wayne State and belongs to Michigan Medicine's Global Reach programme (University of Michigan Health, n.d.; Wayne State University School of Medicine, n.d.).

Holding both breast and gynaecologic pathology is less common than the pairing sounds.

The two organs share a hormonal axis and a set of immunohistochemical markers, and a pathologist who reads both sees the overlaps: the metastasis that arrives labelled as a primary, the receptor profile that does not fit the organ it came from.

Her published work sits on that seam.

In January 2026 she was part of a Gynecologic Oncology study comparing breast and gastric HER2 immunohistochemistry scoring criteria in gynaecological tumours — a question that only arises for someone who reads both sets of slides (Furuya et al., 2026).

The criteria were written for different organs, and a pathologist asked to call HER2 on an endometrial carcinoma has to choose which rulebook applies.

Two further papers place her as senior author on her own service's data.

A February 2026 Gynecologic Oncology paper compared survival in cervical squamous cell carcinoma against adenocarcinoma, and an October 2025 report in Gynecologic Oncology Reports examined what molecular and immune signatures add to endometrial biopsies showing atypical hyperplasia (Jain et al., 2026; Wong et al., 2025).

In October 2024 she led a JCO Precision Oncology analysis of concordance between next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry in assessing microsatellite instability (Ali-Fehmi et al., 2024).

That is a direct test of whether two methods of answering the same clinical question agree, which is the kind of study a laboratory does when it has to choose one.

The fellowship directorship is the part of the post that compounds.

A breast service sees a steady proportion of cases in which the margin, the grade or the receptor call will change what the surgeon and the oncologist do next, and the only way that judgement scales is by being taught.

She is credited with more than 150 peer-reviewed publications and presentations, and has held NIH funding in both breast and gynaecologic pathology.

In 2022 she co-edited a Springer reference volume on gynaecologic pathology; in 2025 she was named to Hour Detroit's Top Docs list (Ali-Fehmi et al., 2022; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, 2025).

The most unusual item in her recent record is not a tumour paper.

In April 2026 she co-authored a field lesson in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness on preserving medical education in conflict zones through transnational partnerships (Fehmi et al., 2026).

She qualified in Damascus.

The paper is about keeping a medical school teaching while the country around it is at war, and it is the only entry in her bibliography that could not have been written by a colleague who trained somewhere quieter.

Sources differ on whether her Michigan title is professor or clinical professor. Michigan Medicine's own provider page and the department's news items do not agree, and both are current.

Trained

MD, Damascus University, 1989; pathology residency, Case Western Reserve, 1998; fellowships in obstetric/gynaecologic pathology and cytopathology, Wayne State University.

Now

Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; medical director of breast pathology; director of the breast pathology fellowship. Clinical professor, Wayne State University.

Known for

Breast and gynaecologic pathology; HER2 and microsatellite instability assessment; co-editor of Springer's Gynecologic Pathology; Hour Detroit Top Docs, 2025.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1639116239/rouba-ali-fehmi. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Thomas Annesley joined the University of Michigan in 1981 after a postdoctoral fellowship at the Mayo Clinic, and retired from the Department of Pathology in 2012.

He remains an active professor emeritus, which in his case is not a courtesy title (ADLM, n.d.).

His field is chromatography and mass spectrometry, and his career spans the period in which that equipment stopped being a research instrument and became a clinical one.

A colleague credits him with deploying and expanding mass spectrometry in Michigan's toxicology laboratory. The shift is easy to understate.

An immunoassay measures what it was designed to measure; a mass spectrometer measures what is actually there.

The difference matters most in exactly the cases where an immunoassay is least reliable — the unexpected drug, the cross-reacting metabolite, the sample that does not behave.

He published 135 articles, two of them designated Citation Classics.

In 2016 he co-authored a Clinical Chemistry piece with Graham Cooks, David Herold and Andrew Hoofnagle titled 'Clinical Mass Spectrometry — Achieving Prominence in Laboratory Medicine' (Annesley et al., 2016).

The title is a claim about the discipline rather than about any one laboratory, and by then it was defensible.

The second half of the record is editorial.

He held several roles at Clinical Chemistry, the journal of what is now the ADLM, serving first as its editor for analytical techniques and ending as deputy editor from 2008 to 2022.

Fourteen years as deputy editor of a field's principal journal shapes what that field publishes, and does so invisibly: the papers that were sent back, rewritten or declined leave no trace with his name on them.

The awards followed the work rather than preceding it — outstanding contributions to clinical mass spectrometry in 2007, an education award in 2018, an IFCC education award in 2020, and the ADLM's Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award in 2024 (MLabs, 2024).

What is most unusual about his record is what he has done since. PubMed holds a continuing run of single-author essays, written under a Michigan pathology affiliation, that are not research papers at all.

'Formulas' and 'From the Manhattan Project to COVID-19' and 'Everyday People' appeared in Clinical Chemistry in 2022; 'The Pen (Pal) Is Mightier than the Sword' in 2021 (Annesley, 2021; Annesley, 2022a; Annesley, 2022b; Annesley, 2022c).

In 2026, in the Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, came 'Tattoos' and then a two-part series, 'Hidden Figures of DNA', on June Broomhead Lindsey and Florence Bell (Annesley, 2026a; Annesley, 2026b; Annesley, 2026c).

Lindsey and Bell were crystallographers whose X-ray diffraction work on nucleic acids preceded the structure of DNA and whose names are absent from the usual account of it.

Writing them back in is not a laboratory's work and brings no grant.

It is the kind of thing a person does at the end of a career, with sole authorship, because nobody else is going to.

A single-author essay in a clinical chemistry journal has an audience of practising laboratory directors. That is the readership Annesley spent forty years inside, and the one he is still addressing.

Trained

PhD; postdoctoral fellowship, Mayo Clinic.

Now

Active Professor Emeritus of Clinical Chemistry, University of Michigan; retired from the department in 2012.

Known for

Clinical mass spectrometry; deputy editor of Clinical Chemistry, 2008–2022; ADLM Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award, 2024.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: ADLM Hall of Fame provider profile, https://myadlm.org/Community/Merit-Awards/Hall-of-Fame/Bios/T-to-Z/Thomas-Annesley. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Lois Arend was born in Monroe, Michigan. She took a PhD in renal physiology at Michigan State, then a medical degree, and trained in pathology and renal pathology at the University of Michigan.

She left for Johns Hopkins, where she spent nearly fifteen years and directed the renal pathology service — one of the largest academic nephropathology laboratories in the United States.

She is now professor of pathology back at Michigan (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d.).

A physiology doctorate before the medical degree is an unusual order, and it shows in the subspecialty she chose.

Renal pathology is the part of the discipline where the clinical question is rarely whether something is cancer.

It is what is damaging this kidney, how far it has gone, and whether it is still reversible — questions answered from a core of tissue a few millimetres long, read by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy together.

Transplant biopsies add a second axis.

The same specimen has to be assessed for rejection, for drug toxicity and for recurrence of the disease that destroyed the original organ, and those three answers point to opposite treatments.

Getting it wrong in either direction costs the graft.

Her recent publications are the working output of that service rather than a research programme.

In December 2024 she was senior author on a three-author report in Kidney Medicine describing methotrexate crystals seen on electron microscopy of a kidney biopsy taken for acute kidney injury (Arend, 2024).

It is a short paper about a single finding, and it exists because somebody recognised an unfamiliar crystal rather than reporting a non-specific injury.

In 2025 she contributed to an American Journal of Nephrology study assessing predictors of acute and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy across native and allograft biopsies (Arend, 2025).

A February 2025 paper in Modern Pathology is the most practical of the group: it reports a fast processing method that preserves glomerular ultrastructure and electron-dense deposits (Arend, 2025b).

Electron microscopy is the slow step in a renal biopsy report. Shortening it without losing the deposits is not a discovery, but it changes how quickly a nephrologist can start treatment.

The most striking item is the furthest from Ann Arbor.

In October 2026 she was part of an eleven-author Journal of Nephrology study describing the histopathological spectrum of kidney disease in Ethiopia, drawn from three years at a single centre (Arend, 2026).

Renal pathology depends on immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, neither of which is widely available in low-income health systems, and the published spectrum of kidney disease in most of Africa is correspondingly thin.

A three-year single-centre series is how that gap starts closing.

She was elected president of the Renal Pathology Society for 2023 (Renal Pathology Society, n.d.).

Her clinical work at Michigan covers both medical and transplant kidney biopsies, which is to say she still reads the cases rather than only directing the people who do.

No awards appear on her institutional record beyond the society presidency, and no account of her early life is published beyond her birthplace.

Trained

PhD in renal physiology, Michigan State University; MD; pathology residency and renal pathology fellowship, University of Michigan.

Now

Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; reads medical and transplant kidney biopsies.

Known for

Directed the renal pathology service at Johns Hopkins for nearly fifteen years; President, Renal Pathology Society, 2023.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Department of Pathology provider profile, https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1579. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Michael Bachman took his MD and PhD through the University of Michigan's Medical Scientist Training Programme, with doctoral work on the regulation of Legionella pneumophila virulence genes in Michele Swanson's laboratory.

He completed a clinical pathology residency and a clinical microbiology fellowship at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and postdoctoral work in Jeffrey Weiser's laboratory on the host response to Klebsiella pneumoniae iron metabolism.

He is now associate professor of pathology at Michigan, with a joint appointment in microbiology and immunology, and directs the clinical microbiology laboratory (Michigan Center for Infectious Disease Threats, n.d.).

The question his laboratory asks is the one a clinical microbiologist cannot avoid. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacteraemia, and it lives harmlessly in the gut of a great many people who never become septic.

Knowing that a patient is colonised therefore tells you very little. Knowing what changes when colonisation becomes infection would tell you a great deal.

His group has approached that by tracking the organism rather than the patient.

A January 2025 Nature Communications paper, with Bachman as senior author, mapped the patterns by which K. pneumoniae disseminates into the bloodstream from the lung (Bachman, 2025a).

A May 2025 mBio paper, also senior-authored, reported something closer to a surprise: in the gut, the organism evolves towards spontaneous loss of its capsule, and becomes less virulent as it does (Bachman, 2025b).

The capsule is the classic virulence factor. A population that sheds it while sitting in the intestine is not simply a reservoir waiting to invade.

A July 2025 Nature Communications study found that arginine regulates the mucoid phenotype of hypervirulent strains, and an April 2026 Infection and Immunity paper separated the contributions that individual bacteraemia-enhancing factors make to macrophage-mediated killing (Bachman, 2025c; Bachman, 2026).

Taking those apart matters because 'virulence factor' is often a single label for several unrelated jobs.

The laboratory has also looked outward from Klebsiella.

A November 2025 mBio paper integrated genomic and transposon-sequencing data to identify fitness mechanisms shared across multiple Gram-negative species, and a May 2025 paper in the same journal characterised infection patterns among Serratia marcescens capsule lineages (Bachman, 2025d; Bachman, 2025e).

A conserved fitness gene is a better drug target than one species' quirk.

Running the hospital's clinical microbiology laboratory alongside this is not a separate activity. The laboratory is where the isolates come from, and it is also where the answers have to land.

A colonisation screen that cannot distinguish the patients who will become bacteraemic from those who will not is an expensive way to produce anxiety, and the research programme is an attempt to make that screen mean something.

His appointment history on the department's pages shows the role growing: a 2019 item describes him as associate director of the clinical microbiology laboratory, and later records give him the directorship.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record. Nothing is published about his early life or schooling before the Michigan training programme, and this profile does not speculate about either.

Trained

MD and PhD, University of Michigan Medical Scientist Training Program; clinical pathology residency and clinical microbiology fellowship, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; postdoctoral fellowship with Jeffrey Weiser.

Now

Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan, with a joint appointment in Microbiology and Immunology; Director, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.

Known for

Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenesis; bacteraemic dissemination from the lung; capsule loss during gut colonisation; conserved Gram-negative fitness genes.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: Michigan Center for Infectious Disease Threats provider profile, https://mcidt.umich.edu/directory/michael-bachman/. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Sara Bailey is an assistant professor of pathology at the University of Michigan and a member of its breast pathology group.

MLabs' breast pathology listing records her as Sara Abbott; the department's own profile URL uses the slug 'seabbott'.

The two names belong to the same person, and the earlier one is the one her institution's directory still carries (MLabs, n.d.).

That is a genuinely common problem in a profile issue, and it is worth naming rather than smoothing over. A pathologist who changes surname mid-career splits her own bibliography in two.

Anyone searching for her work under the current name will miss whatever was published under the old one, and the citation counts that institutions use to measure people are computed from exactly those searches.

Her one indexed publication is recent.

In September 2025 she was first author, with Kyle Conway, on a two-author item in Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine collecting contributions from the University of Michigan's 2023 New Frontiers in Pathology conference (Bailey and Conway, 2025).

Both authors appear in this issue.

New Frontiers is Michigan's own annual meeting, and a paper gathering its contributions is editorial work: soliciting, assembling and introducing other people's material so that a conference leaves a citable record rather than a programme and a memory.

Beyond that, the published record is thin, and this profile will not pretend otherwise. No institutional biography, training history, fellowship record or award list could be found for her.

A PubMed search under her current surname and a Michigan affiliation returns the conference paper and nothing else; a search under the earlier surname returns an unrelated radiologist in Detroit.

Her early life, her medical school and her route into pathology are not documented anywhere this desk could reach.

What can be said is what the post is. Michigan's breast pathology service is a group of specialists reading one organ, and it sits at an unusually consequential point in oncology.

A breast specimen carries three or four separate decisions: the diagnosis, the grade, the margin status and the receptor profile.

Each of those is made by a pathologist, and each of them changes what a surgeon or an oncologist does next.

Receptor status in particular is not a descriptive finding — it determines whether a patient receives endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted treatment, which is to say the pathologist's call selects the drug.

A junior appointment on that service means carrying those calls under supervision at first and independently soon after, in a department where a colleague two doors away reads the same slides and will see the ones that were wrong.

That is the structure that makes a subspecialty service safer than a generalist roster, and it is the reason departments build them.

Assistant professor is also the rank at which almost nothing is published about a person. The institutional pages, the award lists and the society offices arrive later, if they arrive.

A directory entry at this stage records a name, a rank and a service — which is most of what this entry can honestly record.

Readers should treat the single paper above as the whole of the verified bibliography rather than a sample of it.

Trained

Not documented in any source available to this desk.

Now

Assistant Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; breast pathology service. Listed in MLabs' breast pathology directory as Sara Abbott.

Known for

Breast pathology. One indexed publication: the 2025 collection of contributions from Michigan's New Frontiers in Pathology conference.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: no institutional portrait page was found for this pathologist. The portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set; its identity has not been independently verified.

Ulysses Balis began advising Aperio, which built the first whole-slide imaging scanner, in 2000.

The date is worth holding in mind, because the FDA did not clear whole-slide imaging for primary diagnosis in the United States until 2017.

Most of his career has been spent in the seventeen-year gap between a technology existing and a profession trusting it (Association for Pathology Informatics, 2018).

He came to Michigan in 2006 as an associate professor on the tenure track, having directed pathology informatics at Massachusetts General Hospital and served as chief of pathology and laboratory services at Shriners Hospital for Children.

He became clinical professor in 2013 and co-directs Michigan's Division of Pathology Informatics.

The Association for Pathology Informatics gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018 and its citation calls him a pre-eminent expert on whole-slide imaging (Association for Pathology Informatics, 2018; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

His recent work divides cleanly into plumbing and politics. The plumbing is a file format. In August 2025 he was senior author on a Journal of Pathology Informatics paper describing the Iris file extension (Balis, 2025a).

A companion paper in January 2026 presented a RESTful server and tile source so that existing OpenSeadragon viewers can read it (Balis, 2026a).

A whole-slide image is a very large pyramidal file, and how it is stored determines how fast it opens, how much it costs to keep and whether anyone else's software can read it at all.

The politics is standards.

In November 2025 he was senior author on a response, in the same journal, to a paper arguing against DICOM adoption in digital pathology under the title 'wearing a fur coat' (Balis, 2025b).

DICOM is radiology's interchange standard, and whether pathology adopts it decides whether a slide scanned on one vendor's instrument can be read on another's.

That is a dull argument with permanent consequences, and he is on the side of making the files portable.

The newest thread is the one that reframes the rest. In August 2026 he was part of two Journal of Pathology Informatics papers written with colleagues at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi.

One reports lessons from validating a machine-learning colorectal carcinoma screening tool (Githuka et al., 2026a).

The other presents a practical framework for scalable, modular whole-slide imaging pipelines in low-resource settings (Githuka et al., 2026b).

A 2026 paper in BMJ Digital Health and AI goes further, describing reciprocal learning between high-resource and low-resource laboratories as a way of bridging the digital pathology divide (Mirza et al., 2026).

The word doing the work there is 'reciprocal'.

A laboratory that has to run whole-slide imaging on intermittent power, limited bandwidth and no vendor support has to solve problems that a well-funded department can buy its way around, and the solutions travel in both directions.

Writing that down as a framework rather than an anecdote is a deliberate choice.

He also contributes imaging work outside informatics proper: an August 2026 JCI Insight paper from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project distinguishing acute tubular injury from acute interstitial nephritis carries his name among forty-four authors (Balis, 2026c).

Large consortium papers are where image analysis earns its keep.

His research is NIH funded and concerns image-based analytics and machine vision for histopathology. Michigan has used whole-slide imaging since 2006, mainly in education and research.

Trained

MD. Previously Director of Pathology Informatics, Massachusetts General Hospital; Chief of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Shriners Hospital for Children.

Now

Clinical Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; co-director, Division of Pathology Informatics.

Known for

Whole-slide imaging; the Iris file format; DICOM adoption in digital pathology; low-resource imaging pipelines; API Lifetime Achievement Award, 2018.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1770703480/ulysses-gregory-john-balis. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Robert Bell is an assistant professor of pathology at the University of Michigan. He was hired as a clinical informatician, and he carries training in molecular pathology and haematopathology.

His fellowships were both at Washington University in St Louis — one in clinical informatics, one in molecular genetic pathology.

That is the whole of what this desk could verify, and the reason is worth stating plainly. No institutional profile page for him could be found on Michigan's departmental or hospital sites.

A PubMed search under his name and a Michigan affiliation returns papers by other people: a haematopathologist at another institution, a soft-tissue pathologist at Washington University, a thoracic surgery trainee in Michigan's National Clinician Scholars Program.

None of them is him. Where a name is common and no profile page exists, the honest result is a short entry.

The pairing of those two fellowships is nonetheless unusual enough to be worth describing.

Clinical informatics became a recognised subspecialty for pathologists relatively recently, and the people who hold it are generally one of two kinds: a pathologist who learned to code, or a technologist who went to medical school.

Combining it with molecular genetic pathology produces something more specific than either.

A molecular pathology laboratory is, in practice, a software problem wearing a laboratory coat.

A next-generation sequencing panel produces raw reads that pass through alignment, variant calling, filtering, annotation and interpretation before a single line of a clinical report exists.

Every one of those steps is a piece of software with configurable thresholds, and every threshold is a clinical decision that somebody set.

A variant filtered out at step three never reaches the pathologist at step six, and no one reading the final report can tell that it was there.

This is why the combination matters. A molecular pathologist who cannot read the pipeline is dependent on whoever wrote it; a bioinformatician who has never signed out a case does not know which errors are survivable.

Someone who holds both qualifications can audit the thing end to end, which is a job most laboratories need and few people can do.

Haematopathology training adds a third element, and a demanding one. Haematological malignancies are now classified by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and molecular findings, and the classifications are revised often.

A diagnosis in that field is assembled from four different kinds of evidence, which have to be reconciled when they disagree — and they do disagree.

A flow cytometry result that does not match the karyotype, or a mutation that does not fit the morphology, is a routine event rather than an exception.

An assistant professorship is the rank at which this kind of combined skill set is deployed rather than publicised.

The institutional recognition, the committee posts and the papers come later, and in a field as new as clinical informatics the first generation of appointees are largely building infrastructure that carries nobody's name.

Nothing is published about his early life, his undergraduate or medical education, his awards or his society memberships. This entry does not estimate any of them.

It records a documented training route, a documented post, and the fact that the rest of the record is not public.

Trained

Fellowships in clinical informatics and in molecular genetic pathology, Washington University in St Louis; training in molecular pathology and haematopathology.

Now

Assistant Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; hired as a clinical informatician.

Known for

The combination of clinical informatics with molecular genetic pathology and haematopathology. No publication record could be verified under this name and affiliation.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: no institutional portrait page was found for this pathologist. The portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set; its identity has not been independently verified.

Bryan Betz is a molecular diagnostics specialist in the University of Michigan's Department of Pathology.

The department's records give him a clinical professorship from 1 September 2026; earlier listings use other titles, and this entry uses the dated role rather than a present-tense claim.

The paper that best describes his job appeared in the Journal of Molecular Diagnostics in October 2024, with Betz as first author.

It reports that optimising tumour dissection procedures produces a measurable improvement in the quality of molecular testing (Betz et al., 2024a).

Tumour dissection is the step in which someone physically scrapes the cancer off a glass slide or cuts it out of a paraffin block so that it, and not the normal tissue around it, goes into the sequencer.

It is the least glamorous question in the field. It is also the one that determines whether everything downstream means anything.

A sample that is thirty per cent tumour and seventy per cent stroma dilutes every variant allele by the same factor, and a mutation present in half the tumour cells arrives at the pipeline below the threshold at which it will be called.

The assay did not fail. The specimen was never capable of answering the question, and the report says 'no mutation detected' with complete confidence.

Most of his other published work is assay validation in specimens nobody designed an assay for.

A 2024 Journal of Visualized Experiments paper, with Betz as senior author, sets out how to extract cell-free DNA from vitreous and aqueous humour, and an April 2025 Ophthalmology Retina study shows that doing so improves detection of vitreoretinal lymphoma (Betz, 2024b; Betz, 2025a).

Vitreoretinal lymphoma is diagnosed from a few hundred microlitres of fluid taken out of an eye.

Getting a molecular answer from that volume, rather than from a biopsy of the retina, is the difference between a test and an operation.

A July 2024 paper in the Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology assessed how fluorescence in situ hybridisation performs on biliary brushings with equivocal cytology (Betz, 2024c).

A January 2026 American Journal of Clinical Pathology paper reports the practical utility of, and lessons from, a clinical ERG break-apart FISH assay (Betz, 2026).

The second of those is a particular genre: a laboratory publishing what went wrong with an assay it built, so that the next laboratory does not repeat it.

He also appears on diagnostic papers where the molecular result overturns the morphology.

A November 2025 Modern Pathology study describes TRIM63 overexpression in renal cell carcinomas that are MiTF-family altered but FISH-negative, and a July 2026 Journal of Cutaneous Pathology report flags ALK expression in nerve sheath myxoma as a diagnostic pitfall (Betz, 2025b; Betz, 2026b).

A FISH-negative tumour that is nonetheless MiTF-altered is precisely the case in which a laboratory director has to explain why the test the clinician ordered was the wrong one.

This is what a technical director's bibliography looks like: almost none of it is a discovery, and a great deal of it is the reason other people's discoveries are reportable.

The dissection paper will be cited less than any of the tumour papers it makes possible.

No awards, society offices or account of his education could be found in sources available to this desk.

Trained

Not documented in sources available to this desk.

Now

Molecular diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; clinical professorship recorded from 1 September 2026.

Known for

Pre-analytic optimisation of tumour dissection; cell-free DNA assays in vitreous and aqueous humour; FISH assay validation and its published failure modes.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1366483166/bryan-l-betz. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Daniel Boyer holds an MD and a PhD from Vanderbilt, trained in anatomic pathology and haematopathology at Massachusetts General Hospital, and joined Michigan in October 2013.

He was promoted to associate professor in 2020 and named haematopathology section director in March 2024. He is also medical director of the clinical flow cytometry laboratory (MLabs, 2024; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

Flow cytometry is the instrument that defines modern haematopathology, and it is more fragile than its output suggests.

A leukaemia is identified by the antigens its cells carry, measured on a machine whose gates are set by a human being.

Change the panel, the fluorochrome or the gating strategy and the same specimen can yield a different immunophenotype.

Residual disease assessment depends on exactly that reproducibility, at the point where there is least material to work with.

His section has published on the consequence.

A November 2025 paper in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology, on which Boyer is a co-author, reports what happened when extramural haematopathology cases were re-reviewed after patients were referred to an academic centre (Hamnvag et al., 2025).

That is an uncomfortable study for a specialty to run on itself.

A second opinion that changes a diagnosis means the first one was wrong, and publishing the rate at which that happens is an argument for a referral practice rather than a reassurance about one.

The technology underneath keeps moving. A February 2026 paper in Molecular Cytogenetics used optical genome mapping to identify a recurrent t(14;16) translocation in T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukaemia (Lum et al., 2026).

Mixed-phenotype leukaemia is defined by the fact that it does not fit, and a recurrent translocation is the first thing that makes a category out of an exception.

Optical genome mapping is the method replacing karyotype and FISH together, and a laboratory that adopts it has to re-learn what its own abnormal results look like.

He also appears in the guideline literature.

A March 2026 set of NCCN Guidelines Insights on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma carries his name among thirty-seven authors, and he contributed to an April 2025 Ophthalmology Retina study on cell-free DNA detection of vitreoretinal lymphoma (Boyer, 2026; Boyer, 2025).

Guideline work is where a haematopathologist's reading becomes other hospitals' practice.

Directing a section of eleven faculty is a different skill from reading cases.

It means deciding which assays the laboratory offers, what turnaround it commits to, how cases are distributed when the volume spikes, and who covers the subspecialty that a departing colleague took with them.

None of that appears in a bibliography.

The arrangement that makes it work is that the director still reads.

A section head who has stopped signing out loses the thing that lets them judge whether a proposed workflow change is sound, which is the ability to picture the case it will be applied to.

It is also what keeps the medical directorship of flow cytometry honest: the person responsible for the instrument's validation is the person who has to interpret its output on a Friday afternoon.

His title differs between sources — clinical associate professor on one page, associate professor on another. This entry uses the dated promotions rather than a present-tense claim.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record, and nothing is published about his education before Vanderbilt.

Trained

MD and PhD, Vanderbilt University; anatomic pathology residency and haematopathology fellowship, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Now

Associate Professor and Haematopathology Section Director, University of Michigan, from March 2024; medical director, clinical flow cytometry laboratory.

Known for

Haematopathology service leadership; clinical flow cytometry; secondary review of referred haematopathology cases; NCCN CLL/SLL guideline contribution.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1699902130/daniel-frederick-boyer. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Thomas Brenn trained at Heidelberg, Stanford and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, with subspecialty fellowships in dermatopathology, soft tissue tumour pathology and surgical pathology.

He spent eleven years as consultant dermatopathologist and head of dermatopathology at NHS Lothian in Edinburgh, where he remains an honorary professor (University of Edinburgh, n.d.).

In 2018 he was appointed professor of pathology and laboratory medicine, and of medicine, at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary (University of Calgary, n.d.).

He is now at Michigan. His 2026 papers carry a University of Michigan departmental affiliation in Ann Arbor, which supersedes both earlier postings.

Global Pathology Review's first edition listed him at Michigan, a subsequent verification pass moved him to Calgary on the strength of the Calgary profile page, and the current publication record puts him back.

The lesson is that an institutional profile page outlives the appointment it describes.

His interests sit at the awkward junction of those three fellowships: cutaneous soft tissue tumours, skin adnexal tumours, and melanocytic tumours.

Each category contains entities rare enough that a general dermatopathologist may see one in a career, and distinct enough that getting them wrong changes the operation.

Adnexal tumours are the clearest example.

The skin's appendages — sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles — generate a long tail of neoplasms whose benign and malignant counterparts can look alike on a punch biopsy, and whose names have been revised repeatedly as molecular findings have accumulated.

In October 2026 he was senior author on a four-author Cancers review updating the clinical, histopathological and molecular picture of cutaneous neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation (Wiedemeyer et al., 2026a).

In April 2026 he was senior author on a short Dermatologic Clinics update on skin adnexal tumours (Brenn, 2026a).

The primary data behind those reviews is the harder work. An October 2026 American Journal of Surgical Pathology paper characterises digital papillary adenocarcinoma with emphasis on low-risk cases (Alt et al., 2026).

An August 2026 Journal of Cutaneous Pathology report describes a primary nodal poroid hidradenocarcinoma carrying a YAP1::NUTM1 fusion (Brenn, 2026b).

Both are the kind of paper written because somebody collected enough cases of something almost nobody sees.

The molecular thread runs through all of it. A November 2026 Histopathology paper characterises GLI1-altered mesenchymal neoplasms involving the dermis (Brenn, 2026c).

An October 2026 Journal of Investigative Dermatology study reports that CARMN fusions and PDGFRB mutations distinguish cutaneous tumours with myopericytic differentiation (Brenn, 2026d).

A May 2026 British Journal of Dermatology paper identifies a novel THBS1::ERBB2 fusion driving a subset of superficial acral fibromyxomas (Brenn, 2026e).

Fusion genes are doing to soft tissue dermatopathology what they did to sarcoma: splitting morphological categories into molecular ones, and occasionally merging two that looked different.

He is a co-author on the 2026 Histopathology review summarising the fifth edition of the WHO classification of skin tumours, which gives particular attention to newly described entities among epidermal, melanocytic and appendageal tumours (Goldman-Lévy et al., 2026).

That is the mechanism by which work on rare tumours reaches a pathologist who will see one. It gets a name, criteria and a page in the blue book.

No awards or society offices appear in the sources available to this desk, and nothing is published about his early life or schooling.

Trained

Heidelberg, Stanford and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; fellowships in dermatopathology, soft tissue tumour pathology and surgical pathology.

Now

Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, per 2026 publication affiliations. Professor, University of Calgary from 2018; honorary professor, University of Edinburgh.

Known for

Cutaneous soft tissue, adnexal and melanocytic tumours; fusion-defined dermal neoplasms; WHO skin tumour classification, fifth edition.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Calgary provider profile, https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/thomas-brenn. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Scott Bresler holds an MD and a PhD, completed a dermatopathology fellowship at Harvard in 2018, and is associate professor and director of the dermatopathology fellowship at Michigan.

In January 2026 the department announced that he and May Chan had co-authored a new AFIP atlas on non-neoplastic skin disorders (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

Inflammatory skin disease is the part of dermatopathology that resists tidy classification.

A tumour can be defined by what it is made of and what it does; an inflammatory pattern is a reaction, and several diseases produce the same one.

The biopsy shows a lichenoid interface, or a spongiotic dermatitis, and the differential that follows is long, overlapping, and depends heavily on clinical information the pathologist may not have.

That is why an atlas matters more here than in tumour pathology. The diagnosis rests on pattern recognition across hundreds of examples, and most pathologists cannot assemble that series from their own caseload.

A reference work substitutes other people's volume for your own, which is the only way a rare pattern becomes recognisable to somebody who has never seen it.

His research record runs in the other direction, towards tumours.

In October 2026 he was senior author on a seven-author American Journal of Surgical Pathology study of the clinicopathological characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma in younger patients (Aqeel et al., 2026).

Merkel cell carcinoma is a disease of the old and the immunosuppressed, and a series confined to younger patients is a direct test of whether the usual rules hold where they are least expected to.

A May 2026 Journal of Cutaneous Pathology paper, also senior-authored, reports three cases of atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma showing osseous metaplasia (Bresler, 2026a).

Three cases is a case series, which in a rare tumour with an unexpected feature is the correct unit of publication.

A July 2025 Histopathology paper examines the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray in classifying BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumours (Bresler, 2025a).

The BAP1 work is where dermatopathology's reproducibility problem is sharpest. A BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumour sits between naevus and melanoma, the morphology does not settle it, and the clinical consequences of the two labels are not comparable.

A genomic method that resolves the category is worth more than another descriptive series.

He also contributes to work outside skin. An October 2026 Modern Pathology paper reports that USP6 RNA chromogenic in situ hybridisation is useful in diagnosing nodular fasciitis (Dinh et al., 2026).

He also appears on a December 2025 JAMA Surgery report of the MERLIN_001 study, which tested a gene expression profile for predicting melanoma sentinel node status (Bresler, 2025b).

A test that predicts sentinel node status is a test that may remove the need for the operation that establishes it, which makes its validation a surgical question as much as a pathological one.

Michigan's own listing pairs him with ophthalmic pathology as well as dermatopathology, though the public record supports only the latter.

His ophthalmic connection in the sources available is a sub-investigator role on a trial of vismodegib for orbital and periocular basal cell carcinoma (ClinicalTrials.gov, n.d.).

That is a real link between the two fields — periocular skin is still skin — but it is a research role rather than a second subspecialty practice, and this entry does not record it as one.

Trained

MD, PhD; dermatopathology fellowship, Harvard, 2018.

Now

Associate Professor and Director, Dermatopathology Fellowship, University of Michigan.

Known for

AFIP atlas of non-neoplastic skin disorders, with May Chan; Merkel cell carcinoma in younger patients; BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumours.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1760812523/scott-conley-bresler. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Noah Brown trained at Michigan throughout — an anatomic and clinical pathology residency from 2008 to 2013, a haematopathology fellowship in 2011–12, a molecular and genetic pathology fellowship in 2013–14 — and joined the faculty in 2014 as an assistant professor.

He now directs the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, which runs the institution's DNA- and RNA-based cancer testing, and spends about eight weeks a year on the haematopathology service (University of Michigan Health, n.d.; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.).

Those eight weeks are a deliberate arrangement rather than a leftover. A molecular laboratory director who never sees a case loses contact with the question the assay is meant to answer.

They begin optimising for what is easy to measure — turnaround, depth of coverage, cost per sample — rather than for whether a result changed what happened to a patient.

His research covers novel molecular alterations in head and neck and haematolymphoid neoplasms.

One line of it concerns MYD88 L265P analysis in vitreoretinal lymphoma, published in Retina in 2023, and it is a good example of where molecular pathology earns its place.

Vitreoretinal lymphoma presents in tiny volumes of vitreous fluid, often with cells too degenerate to classify morphologically, and a single recurrent mutation can settle a diagnosis that cytology cannot (Brown, 2023).

The work that best describes the directorship is not a discovery at all.

In October 2026 he was among twenty-seven authors on an Academic Pathology paper surveying the landscape of approaches for streamlining pre-analytical and early analytical variables in solid tumour testing (David et al., 2026).

Pre-analytical variables are everything that happens to a specimen before the assay starts: how long it sat in formalin, how thick the sections were cut, how much tumour was actually scraped off the slide.

A multi-institution survey of how laboratories handle them is an attempt to make results comparable between hospitals, which they currently are not.

He also appears on diagnostic papers where the molecular finding is the answer.

An October 2026 Modern Pathology study reports that USP6 RNA chromogenic in situ hybridisation is useful in diagnosing nodular fasciitis (Dinh et al., 2026).

Nodular fasciitis is a benign reactive lesion that looks alarmingly like a sarcoma, and it is now known to carry a USP6 rearrangement.

A test that detects it converts a worrying biopsy into a reassuring one, which is a rarer and more valuable direction of travel than the reverse.

What a molecular directorship consists of, day to day, is decisions about thresholds. Which variants are reported and which are filtered. What depth of coverage is accepted before a case is repeated.

Whether a variant of uncertain significance appears in the report at all, given that a clinician who reads one may act on it.

None of those decisions is published, and all of them shape every report the laboratory issues.

His title differs between sources: clinical professor on one page, associate professor on another. That says more about how universities maintain their websites than about the job.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record, and nothing is published about his early life or his undergraduate education.

He is one of several people in this issue whose published record understates the work, because the output of a laboratory directorship is other people's correct reports.

Trained

AP/CP residency 2008–13; haematopathology fellowship 2011–12; molecular and genetic pathology fellowship 2013–14, all University of Michigan.

Now

Director, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Michigan; approximately eight weeks a year on the haematopathology service.

Known for

Molecular alterations in head and neck and haematolymphoid neoplasms; MYD88 testing in vitreoretinal lymphoma; pre-analytical standardisation in solid tumour testing.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1780833145/noah-aaron-brown. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Sandra Camelo-Piragua took her medical degree at the University of Antioquia in Medellín, did a postdoctoral fellowship on multiple sclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and completed her neuropathology residency at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2008 and 2010.

She is professor of neuropathology at Michigan and directs its neuropathology fellowship programme (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; University of Michigan Health, n.d.; American Association of Neuropathologists, n.d.).

With the neurosurgeon Daniel Orringer, she helped develop a method for diagnosing brain tumours intraoperatively using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.

Fresh surgical tissue is placed on a slide and read directly: no fixation, no embedding, no sectioning, no stain. The contrast comes from the vibrational signatures of lipid and protein rather than from a dye.

The problem it addresses is specific to neurosurgery. A frozen section takes twenty minutes or more, consumes tissue, and introduces artefact precisely in brain, where freezing distorts the architecture the diagnosis depends on.

Meanwhile the surgeon is waiting with the skull open, deciding how much more to resect, and in the brain that decision trades tumour control against function the patient will not get back.

The method has since been handed to machine learning, and the results have gone to the top of the literature.

A January 2025 Nature paper on which she is a co-author presents foundation models for fast, label-free detection of glioma infiltration (Kondepudi et al., 2025).

Glioma infiltration at the resection margin is the hardest call in the operation. The tumour does not stop; it thins out into brain that still works, and the surgeon has to choose where to stop cutting.

The same technology is being pointed elsewhere.

A March 2026 paper in npj Digital Medicine reports AI-driven label-free Raman spectromics for intraoperative spinal tumour assessment, and a March 2026 Nature Communications paper maps local and distal invasion programmes in glioblastoma (Camelo-Piragua, 2026a; Camelo-Piragua, 2026b).

A September 2026 preprint in Research Square reports that acetylated amino acids derived from the tumour microenvironment promote treatment resistance in glioblastoma (Camelo-Piragua, 2026c).

Preprints are flagged as such here because they have not been peer reviewed.

She also does the classifying work that keeps diagnostic neuropathology current.

An April 2025 Acta Neuropathologica paper reports forty-five patients with diffuse astrocytoma of the adolescent and young adult type, frequently MAPK-altered — a tumour category that did not exist until somebody assembled the series (Camelo-Piragua, 2025).

A March 2026 Human Pathology paper sets out a practical approach to assessing high-grade diffuse gliomas and meningiomas (Zhu et al., 2026).

The method does not replace the neuropathologist; it changes where they stand. Someone still has to read the image and know that what looks like infiltrating glioma at the margin is infiltrating glioma.

A foundation model trained on those judgements inherits whoever made them, which is an argument for the neuropathologist being in the room rather than downstream of it.

In 2023 the American Board of Pathology named her to its test development and advisory committee for neuropathology.

Her clinical work covers diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and muscle, in adults and children. Nothing is published about her early life or schooling before Antioquia.

Trained

MD, University of Antioquia, Medellín; postdoctoral fellowship, Brigham and Women's Hospital; neuropathology residency, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2008–10.

Now

Professor of Neuropathology and Director, Neuropathology Fellowship, University of Michigan.

Known for

Intraoperative stimulated Raman scattering microscopy; foundation models for label-free glioma margin detection; American Board of Pathology neuropathology test development committee, 2023.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1528273844/sandra-ines-camelo-piragua. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Richard Cantley did his undergraduate degree at Michigan, took his MD at Saint Louis University, trained in pathology at Rush, and completed a cytopathology fellowship at Northwestern Memorial.

He spent more than four years at the University of Toledo as assistant professor, director of cytopathology and associate director of the residency programme, then returned to Michigan after more than a decade away.

He is clinical associate professor and director of the cytopathology fellowship (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.a; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.b).

Cytology is the branch that gave up tissue architecture and kept the cells.

A fine-needle aspirate of a thyroid nodule, a pleural effusion, a cervical sample — none of them show how the cells were arranged in the organ, which is the single most useful piece of evidence surgical pathology has.

What remains is nuclear detail, cell grouping, and background.

That constraint produced one of medicine's most successful screening programmes and one of its most carefully hedged reporting systems.

The Bethesda categories exist because cytology learned, earlier than most of pathology, to report degrees of certainty rather than binary answers, and to attach a malignancy risk and a management recommendation to each category.

His published work is almost entirely about that reporting problem.

A July 2026 paper in Diagnostic Cytopathology, on which he is a co-author, reports decreased interobserver variability in nuclear atypia of undetermined significance after a consensus exercise (Chen-Yost et al., 2026).

The category 'atypia of undetermined significance' is the admission that cytology sometimes cannot tell, and showing that pathologists can be trained to disagree less about it is a direct contribution to how reliable the hedge is.

The rest follows the same logic. A July 2026 Diagnostic Cytopathology study modelled cytomorphological predictors of adenoid cystic carcinoma across several centres (Layfield et al., 2026).

A September 2026 case report in the same journal describes nodular fasciitis of the parotid gland mimicking pleomorphic adenoma (Cantley, 2026a).

A January 2026 series in the Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, which he senior-authored, documents the aspiration cytology of parotid oncocytoma (Cantley, 2026b).

Salivary gland cytology is the hardest region in the field: the tumours are numerous, many look alike, and the benign ones are common.

Two further papers address populations the reporting systems were not designed around. A December 2025 Diagnostic Cytopathology study assessed cytological features in 106 cervical Papanicolaou tests from transgender men (Ferreira et al., 2025).

Testosterone changes cervical epithelium, and a screening system calibrated on cisgender women will misread those changes unless somebody characterises them.

A May 2025 International Journal of Surgical Pathology report describes aberrant CD45 immunoreactivity in ten neuroendocrine neoplasms, which is a diagnostic trap: CD45 is the marker used to call a tumour haematolymphoid (Cantley, 2025).

Directing a fellowship in cytology is teaching people to be comfortable with uncertainty.

The hardest thing to convey is not how to recognise a malignant cell, but when to stop short of saying so, and how to write the report so that the clinician reading it knows what to do next.

A report that hedges without giving a recommendation has transferred the problem rather than solved it.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record, and nothing is published about his early life beyond the Michigan undergraduate degree.

Trained

BSc, University of Michigan; MD, Saint Louis University; pathology residency, Rush; cytopathology fellowship, Northwestern Memorial.

Now

Clinical Associate Professor and Director, Cytopathology Fellowship, University of Michigan. Previously director of cytopathology, University of Toledo.

Known for

Salivary gland and thyroid cytology; interobserver reproducibility in atypia of undetermined significance; cervical cytology in transgender men.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Department of Pathology provider profile, https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/509. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

May Chan took her MD at SUNY Buffalo, trained in anatomic pathology at Beth Israel Deaconess in Boston, completed a dermatopathology fellowship at Harvard, and joined Michigan in 2011.

She is clinical professor of pathology, medical director of the immunohistochemistry laboratory, and programme director of the dermatopathology fellowship (University of Michigan Health, n.d.; University of Michigan Medical School, n.d.).

She co-authored the Handbook of Direct Immunofluorescence, which is a narrower subject than it sounds and a more consequential one.

In the autoimmune blistering diseases, the morphology on an ordinary stained section gets you to a short list: a blister, and roughly where in the skin it formed.

What separates pemphigus from pemphigoid from dermatitis herpetiformis is where the patient's own antibodies have bound, and only immunofluorescence shows that.

The technique has an awkward requirement. It needs fresh or specially transported tissue, not the formalin-fixed block everything else runs on.

A biopsy taken without that in mind cannot be rescued later, which makes the diagnosis partly dependent on whether the clinician anticipated it when they held the punch.

A dermatopathologist who runs the immunofluorescence service therefore spends part of her working life teaching dermatologists what to collect.

Her published work pushes immunohistochemistry at the diseases that most resist it.

In September 2026 she was senior author on a nine-author Journal of Cutaneous Pathology study showing that IL-18 immunohistochemistry helps distinguish dermatomyositis from lupus erythematosus (Hrycaj et al., 2026).

Those two diseases overlap clinically, serologically and histologically, and the interface dermatitis they produce is the same. A single stain that separates them is worth more than another descriptive comparison.

A September 2026 Journal of Investigative Dermatology paper reports that divergent cytotoxic and immunomodulatory immune programmes distinguish morbilliform drug eruptions, and an August 2026 Pathology paper characterises protein kinase C-fused blue naevi carrying rearrangements of PRKCD, PRKCQ and PRKCG (Chan, 2026a; Chan, 2026b).

Drug eruption is one of the commonest reasons a biopsy of inflamed skin arrives in a laboratory, and one of the hardest to confirm; the fused blue naevi are the opposite, a category created by molecular findings in lesions nobody could classify.

She also contributes to the soft tissue end of the field: a September 2026 Virchows Archiv case series describes acral low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in uncommon locations (Chan, 2026c).

An uncommon location for a rare tumour is how a diagnosis gets missed.

Her other interests — melanocytic lesions, cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, immunohistochemistry — cover more than a hundred publications.

She sits on the editorial boards of Modern Pathology and the Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, and on the American Board of Pathology's test development committee.

In January 2026 the department announced a new AFIP atlas of non-neoplastic skin disorders that she wrote with Scott Bresler, who appears earlier in this issue (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.).

Sources differ on whether her Michigan title is professor or clinical professor.

Her name appears in a PubMed search alongside large physics author lists belonging to a different M. Chan; none of that work is hers, and this entry excludes it.

Trained

MD, SUNY Buffalo; anatomic pathology residency, Beth Israel Deaconess; dermatopathology fellowship, Harvard. Joined Michigan 2011.

Now

Clinical Professor; Medical Director, Immunohistochemistry Laboratory; Director, Dermatopathology Fellowship, University of Michigan.

Known for

Direct immunofluorescence; IL-18 immunohistochemistry in dermatomyositis; inflammatory skin disease; editorial boards of Modern Pathology and the Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1639318223/may-puiyan-chan. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

David Chapel trained at the University of Chicago and completed a women's and perinatal pathology fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital.

At Michigan he is clinical associate professor, medical director of the frozen section laboratories, and director of the gynaecological pathology fellowship (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, 2026; Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance, n.d.).

His most cited work is on a tumour that sits outside his main subspecialty.

In 2021 he led a study of 225 malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas in Modern Pathology, validating a standardised nuclear grading system for prognosis (Chapel et al., 2021).

Peritoneal mesothelioma is rare, and rarity is why it went so long without a reproducible grade: no single centre sees enough cases to establish one.

Without a grade, a report tells the oncologist what the tumour is but nothing about how it will behave.

The gynaecological connection is not incidental. Peritoneal mesothelioma arises on the same serosal surfaces that gynaecological tumours spread across, and can be mistaken for serous carcinoma.

His work on PAX8 expression in peritoneal mesothelioma addresses that confusion directly, since PAX8 is one of the markers used to call a tumour müllerian.

The recent work is a sustained attack on the gynaecological tumours that refuse to be classified.

In April 2025 he was senior author on a nine-author American Journal of Surgical Pathology paper comparing the molecular profiles of the entity recorded as 'mixed endometrioid adenocarcinoma and adenosarcoma' (Ma et al., 2025).

A category defined by a conjunction is a category nobody is sure about, and molecular profiling is how such a label is either justified or dismantled.

A May 2025 paper in the same journal characterises gynaecological carcinosarcomas with a mesonephric component, and a May 2026 International Journal of Gynecological Pathology case report describes uterine dedifferentiated mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma with comprehensive molecular work-up (Chapel, 2025a; Chapel, 2026a).

Mesonephric-like tumours are a recent addition to the gynaecological literature, and they look like something else — which is precisely why individual well-characterised cases still earn publication.

He has also taken on the smooth muscle problem.

A January 2025 Advances in Anatomic Pathology review, which he senior-authored, sets out the risk stratification of uterine smooth muscle tumours using morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular findings together (Chapel, 2025b).

A September 2025 International Journal of Gynecological Pathology paper documents the morphological and molecular heterogeneity of fumarate hydratase-deficient leiomyomas (Chapel, 2025c).

A uterine smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential is one of the least satisfying diagnoses in pathology, and narrowing it is worth more to patients than a new entity.

Running the frozen section laboratories is the other half of the job and the more immediate one.

A frozen section is a diagnosis delivered in minutes, from tissue deliberately damaged by freezing, while an operation is paused, and the answer determines how much more comes out.

A January 2026 Histopathology paper on the immunohistochemical characterisation of peritoneal inclusion cysts with squamous metaplasia is a good example of the small, specific question that arises from that practice (Chen-Yost et al., 2026).

His title differs between sources — clinical associate professor on one page, assistant professor on another — and this entry records the dated promotion.

No awards or society offices appear in the sources available, and nothing is published about his early life.

Trained

University of Chicago; women's and perinatal pathology fellowship, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Now

Clinical Associate Professor; Medical Director, Frozen Section Laboratories; Director, Gynaecological Pathology Fellowship, University of Michigan.

Known for

Nuclear grading of epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma; PAX8 in serosal tumours; mesonephric-like gynaecological carcinomas; risk stratification of uterine smooth muscle tumours.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance provider profile, https://ocrahope.org/bio/david-chapel. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Ellen Chapel took her medical degree at the University of North Carolina in 2017, trained at the University of Chicago, then moved to Brigham and Women's Hospital to finish her residency and complete breast and surgical pathology fellowships.

She is clinical assistant professor at Michigan, where she and her husband David Chapel took up newly created 'hospitalist' positions built around frozen section work.

He appears earlier in this issue (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

The title is borrowed from internal medicine and the logic is the same. Frozen sections arrive unpredictably, demand an immediate answer, and interrupt whatever else a pathologist is doing.

In most departments they are absorbed by whoever is on service that week, which means the person reading a difficult intraoperative consultation may not have done one for a fortnight.

Concentrating that duty in dedicated posts is a straightforward quality argument: the pathologist on the other end of the line does this every day.

It is also a recognition that the work is undesirable in the way that unpredictable, high-stakes, invisible work usually is.

No publication comes of it, and the only time anyone notices is when the answer turns out to have been wrong.

Except that she then published it.

In May 2025 she was first author on a six-author paper in Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine setting out the anatomic pathology hospitalist model as a novel approach to frozen section practice in a tertiary centre (Chapel et al., 2025).

Writing up a staffing arrangement is not glamorous work, and it is how a local fix becomes something another department can adopt. The paper is the mechanism by which an idea stops being one hospital's habit.

Her subspecialty training is in breast, which pairs naturally with it. A large share of intraoperative consultations in a cancer centre are breast margins and sentinel nodes.

The question is narrow, the answer changes the operation under way, and freezing has left the tissue harder to assess than it would be an hour later.

In September 2026 she was part of a nine-author Annals of Surgical Oncology study comparing frozen section with a different method of margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery (Kim et al., 2026).

That is her two roles arriving in the same paper: the frozen section specialist and the breast pathologist, evaluating the test she performs against the alternative.

A surgeon's decision to take more tissue rests on it, and so does whether the patient returns for a second operation.

An August 2025 review in Human Pathology, with three authors, addresses the problems and pitfalls of breast myoepithelial markers for the practising pathologist (Bachert et al., 2025).

Myoepithelial markers are how a pathologist decides whether a proliferation has broken out of the duct, which is the difference between in situ and invasive carcinoma, which is the difference between an operation and a different operation.

A paper on their pitfalls is a warning written by people who have seen the marker fail.

She is early in her career, and the rank reflects it. No awards or society offices appear on her institutional record, and nothing is published about her early life or her undergraduate education.

The hospitalist appointment is the notable fact about her post, and she is one of the two people it was created for.

That is an unusual position to be in: appointed to a job that did not previously exist, and then responsible for describing it in print so that the experiment can be judged.

Trained

MD, University of North Carolina, 2017; residency, University of Chicago and Brigham and Women's Hospital; breast and surgical pathology fellowships, Brigham and Women's.

Now

Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Michigan; anatomic pathology hospitalist, built around frozen section practice.

Known for

First author describing the anatomic pathology hospitalist model; breast margin assessment; breast myoepithelial markers.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1215467725/ellen-elizabeth-chapel. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Heather Chen-Yost took her medical degree at Western Michigan University in 2018, trained in pathology at the University of Chicago to 2022, then completed a cytopathology fellowship at Michigan Medicine in 2023 and a pulmonary pathology fellowship the following year.

She is clinical assistant professor at Michigan and board certified in anatomic and clinical pathology and in cytopathology (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

In 2024 she and colleagues published a case in Diagnostic Cytopathology of endometriosis presenting first in pleural fluid cytology (Chen-Yost et al., 2024). The interest is in the order of events.

Endometriosis is a disease of the pelvis, and thoracic endometriosis is uncommon enough that it is rarely the first thing considered when a woman presents with a pleural effusion.

Effusion cytology is a particular discipline.

The specimen is a bag of fluid containing cells shed from a surface, stripped of all context, and the pathologist must decide whether they are reactive mesothelium, metastatic carcinoma, or something that belongs to no category the clinician suggested.

The differential is wide and the clinical information is usually thin.

Pairing cytopathology with pulmonary pathology is a sensible combination, because so much of thoracic diagnosis now arrives as cytology rather than tissue. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided aspirates have largely replaced mediastinoscopy for staging lung cancer.

The specimen that must yield a diagnosis, a subtype, and enough material for molecular testing is often a few passes of a needle.

Her own first-authored work is about how well that actually performs.

In April 2026 she led a seven-author study in the Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology on the accuracy of rapid on-site evaluation in robotic-assisted bronchoscopy fine-needle aspirations (Chen-Yost et al., 2026a).

Rapid on-site evaluation is a cytopathologist standing beside the bronchoscopist, telling them in real time whether the pass they just took contains diagnostic material.

Robotic bronchoscopy reaches nodules that could not previously be sampled, and whether the on-site read is accurate decides whether the patient needs a second procedure.

In 2024 she first-authored a six-author paper in the Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology arguing that second opinion for pulmonary and pleural cytology is valuable for patient care (Chen-Yost et al., 2024b).

That is a specialty publishing its own error rate, and it is the honest version of advocating for a referral practice.

She also works on the reproducibility problem directly. In July 2026 she led a study in Diagnostic Cytopathology showing decreased interobserver variability in nuclear atypia of undetermined significance after a consensus exercise (Chen-Yost et al., 2026b).

'Atypia of undetermined significance' is cytology's formal admission that it sometimes cannot tell, and demonstrating that pathologists can be trained to disagree about it less is a measurable improvement in a soft category.

A March 2025 Cytopathology paper asks whether biliary tract cytology detects cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis — a question where the background inflammation makes every cell look worrying (Chen-Yost, 2025).

In January 2026 she was first author on a Histopathology paper characterising peritoneal inclusion cysts with squamous metaplasia (Chen-Yost et al., 2026c).

Qualifying in 2018 and holding this record eight years later is quick. No awards or society offices appear on her institutional record, and nothing is published about her early life or undergraduate education.

Trained

MD, Western Michigan University, 2018; pathology residency, University of Chicago, to 2022; cytopathology fellowship, Michigan Medicine, 2023; pulmonary pathology fellowship, 2023–24.

Now

Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Michigan; board certified in anatomic and clinical pathology and in cytopathology.

Known for

Rapid on-site evaluation in robotic bronchoscopy; the value of second-opinion pulmonary and pleural cytology; interobserver reproducibility in atypia of undetermined significance.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1255824744/heather-i-hsuan-chen-yost. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Jerome Cheng is clinical associate professor in Michigan's Division of Pathology Informatics, board certified in anatomic and clinical pathology and in clinical informatics.

He found the informatics fellowship while looking at haematopathology programmes, and has described seeing that informatics could solve a great many pathology problems through workflow change, programming and data analytics (Association for Pathology Informatics, 2025; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.).

His listed expertise is unusual in being practical rather than advisory: application development, data transformation, image analysis, natural language processing, machine learning.

A pathologist who can build the thing is different from one who can only commission it.

The specification survives contact with the data, because the person writing it is the person who has to make it work.

His earlier publications, around 2011 and 2012 in the Journal of Pathology Informatics and Analytical Cellular Pathology, concern image pattern-matching, including a spatially invariant vector quantisation algorithm.

That is a decade before the current wave of deep learning in pathology, and it is a useful reminder that computational histology did not begin with neural networks.

The problems were identified and attacked with the tools available. What changed was the amount of compute and labelled data, not the question.

That matters more than it sounds, because the history is routinely told backwards.

Whole-slide image analysis is presented as a consequence of deep learning, when in fact the imaging, the storage, the tiling and the feature extraction had all been built by people who then handed a working pipeline to a new class of model.

Someone who published in that earlier period is a witness to the part that gets left out.

Natural language processing is the item on his list with the least glamour and possibly the widest effect. Pathology's accumulated knowledge is locked in free-text reports written to be read by one clinician, once.

A department's archive holds hundreds of thousands of them, each containing a diagnosis, a grade, a margin and a set of ancillary results, none of it in a field anybody can query.

Making that corpus searchable is a precondition for most of what anyone wants to do with pathology data (PathologyOutlines, 2022).

It is also the quiet reason that quality assurance in pathology is harder than in radiology. To ask how often this department's frozen section diagnoses were later revised, somebody has to read the reports.

Structured reporting has been advocated for thirty years and remains partial, because a free-text report is faster to write and carries nuance that a template refuses.

His place in the division is alongside Ulysses Balis, who co-directs it and appears earlier in this issue.

A 2026 Journal of Pathology Informatics paper from that group reports lessons from validating a machine-learning colorectal carcinoma screening tool, written with colleagues in Nairobi (Githuka et al., 2026).

This desk could not establish from the published author lists whether Cheng is among its authors, and so does not claim it for him.

A PubMed search on his name returns a very large number of records belonging to other people, including particle physics author lists and a clinical chemistry group in Hong Kong.

None of that work is his, and this entry excludes all of it rather than guess.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record, and nothing is published about his early life, his medical school or his route into pathology.

Trained

MD; pathology informatics fellowship, University of Michigan; board certified in anatomic and clinical pathology and in clinical informatics.

Now

Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pathology Informatics, University of Michigan.

Known for

Image pattern-matching and spatially invariant vector quantisation, 2011–12; natural language processing of pathology reports; application development inside a diagnostic department.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Department of Pathology provider profile, https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1169. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Stephen Chensue took his MD at the University of Michigan in 1983, with a PhD and an earlier degree from Wayne State, and joined the Michigan faculty in 1987 after a research fellowship and a residency in anatomic and clinical pathology.

He became full professor in 2005 and retired from active faculty status on 3 April 2021 (University of Michigan Board of Regents, 2021).

The university's own record describes him as a diagnostic pathologist and internationally recognised research immunologist whose expertise lay in the cellular immunology of granulomatous disease, and credits his work with reclassifying granulomatous inflammation by T lymphocyte subclass.

He published 165 papers.

That reclassification is worth unpacking. A granuloma is one of the oldest recognised patterns in pathology: a walled-off collection of macrophages that forms when the immune system cannot eliminate something.

Tuberculosis makes them, and so do sarcoidosis, fungal infection, foreign material and Crohn's disease. For most of the twentieth century they were sorted by their appearance — caseating or not, with or without giant cells.

Sorting them instead by which T cell subset drove their formation replaces a descriptive taxonomy with a mechanistic one, and the distinction tracks what the immune system is actually trying to do.

A 2016 mBio paper from that line showed that disrupting early tumour necrosis factor alpha signalling prevents classical activation of dendritic cells, and a 2015 Mucosal Immunology paper reported that IL-23 activates innate lymphoid cells to promote neonatal intestinal pathology (Chensue, 2015; Chensue, 2016).

In 2001 he became service chief and medical laboratory director of pathology and laboratory medicine at the VA Ann Arbor Medical Center, and he taught basic pathology to medical students annually for close to twenty years.

What he did with the last two years of that laboratory directorship is the most unexpected part of the record.

In 2021 he contributed to an Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital staff, and to an American Journal of Infection Control study of vaccine breakthrough infections in hospitalised veterans (Chensue, 2021; Chensue, 2022a).

Then, in December 2022, he was first author on a nine-author Microbiology Spectrum paper measuring anti-spike IgG levels and ACE2 receptor binding inhibition among breakthrough infections (Chensue et al., 2022).

In March 2022 he was senior author on a five-author Clinical Immunology paper on the effect of monoclonal antibody therapy on the endogenous SARS-CoV-2 antibody response (Chensue, 2022b).

The second of those is a genuinely useful piece of immunology and it came from a hospital laboratory under pressure.

Giving a patient monoclonal antibodies against a virus means filling their blood with antibodies they did not make, which raises an obvious question: does the treatment suppress the immune response the patient would otherwise have mounted?

That question matters for whether a treated patient is protected afterwards, and it is exactly the kind of thing a laboratory sitting on the samples can answer and a trial sponsor will not.

A career on the cellular immunology of granulomas is not obvious preparation for serological epidemiology.

It is, however, the same skill: asking which arm of the immune response produced the finding in front of you, rather than describing the finding.

No awards or society offices appear in the sources available, and nothing is published about his early life beyond the Wayne State degrees.

Trained

MD, University of Michigan, 1983; PhD and earlier degree, Wayne State University; AP/CP residency and research fellowship.

Now

Retired from active faculty status, University of Michigan, 3 April 2021; full professor from 2005.

Known for

Reclassifying granulomatous inflammation by T lymphocyte subclass; 165 papers; service chief and medical laboratory director, VA Ann Arbor, from 2001; SARS-CoV-2 serology in veterans.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Board of Regents retirement memoir provider profile, https://regents.umich.edu/files/meetings/03-21/2021-03-VI-Chensue.pdf. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Karen Choi completed her anatomic and clinical pathology residency at Michigan in 2014, then two fellowships in the same department — surgical pathology in 2015 and gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pathology in 2016 — and joined the faculty that year.

She is clinical associate professor, and her practice covers the gastrointestinal tract and the liver and biliary tree (University of Michigan Health, n.d.; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.).

Her trainee bibliography points somewhere else entirely.

In September 2013 she was first author on a nine-author American Journal of Surgical Pathology paper describing undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with a t(4;19)(q35;q13.1) CIC-DUX4 fusion (Choi et al., 2013).

In January 2014 she first-authored a review of Ewing sarcoma in Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology (Choi et al., 2014).

A January 2015 Modern Pathology study on which she is a co-author showed frequent MYC amplification and ETS-family transcriptional activation in CIC-DUX sarcomas (Smith et al., 2015).

CIC-DUX4 sarcoma is now a recognised entity in the WHO classification. In 2013 it was a handful of tumours that looked like Ewing sarcoma, behaved worse, and lacked the fusion Ewing sarcoma is defined by.

A resident who first-authors the characterisation of such a group has done the part of the work that nobody can shortcut: finding the cases, establishing what they share, and arguing that they are not simply atypical examples of something known.

She then changed field. Her first-authored work after that is in gastrointestinal pathology.

An October 2015 review in Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine sets out the clinical and histological findings in olmesartan-associated enteropathy (Choi and McKenna, 2015).

An October 2016 historical perspective and exposé, in the same journal, covers serrated polyps of the colorectum, written with Henry Appelman (Choi and Appelman, 2016).

Olmesartan-associated enteropathy is a drug reaction that mimics coeliac disease closely enough that patients were put on gluten-free diets for years before the cause was identified.

It is the kind of entity only a pathologist notices, because the clinical picture fits something else entirely.

The serrated polyp paper is the more revealing choice.

Serrated polyps of the colorectum were dismissed for decades as hyperplastic and harmless, then recognised as the origin of a substantial minority of colorectal cancers, and the literature of that reversal is tangled.

Writing its history with Appelman, a Michigan pathologist of the generation that lived through it, is a deliberate act of record-keeping.

Pairing the gut with the liver is standard, and it reflects how the specimens arrive rather than any similarity in the tissue.

An endoscopy list produces dozens of small mucosal biopsies a day: surveillance for Barrett's oesophagus, assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity, coeliac disease, polyps.

A liver biopsy is a different object entirely, a core taken to answer a question about an organ that cannot be sampled comprehensively.

The common thread is that both are mostly non-neoplastic, which puts this subspecialty at an angle to the rest of surgical pathology.

The question is usually not whether there is cancer but what pattern of injury is present, how active it is, how far fibrosis has progressed, and whether the appearance fits the drug, the virus or the autoimmune process the clinician suspects.

Answers are graded and staged rather than named.

Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies make the stakes concrete.

Distinguishing quiescent disease from mild activity, or dysplasia from regenerative change in a chronically inflamed colon, determines whether a patient escalates therapy, enters intensive surveillance, or is offered a colectomy.

No awards or society offices appear on her institutional record.

Trained

AP/CP residency, University of Michigan, 2014; surgical pathology fellowship, 2015; gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pathology fellowship, 2016.

Now

Clinical Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Michigan; gastrointestinal, liver and biliary practice.

Known for

First-authored characterisation of CIC-DUX4 undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, 2013; olmesartan-associated enteropathy; the history of serrated colorectal polyps.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1467773945/eun-young-karen-choi. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Jensyn Cone Sullivan trained in clinical pathology at Beth Israel Lahey and Harvard Medical School and completed a transfusion medicine fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital.

She previously directed a cell therapy collection centre at Tufts Medical Center.

At Michigan Medicine she is assistant professor, director of the blood bank, medical director of the cellular therapy laboratory, and programme director of the transfusion medicine fellowship (AABB, n.d.; AABB News, 2025; University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.).

Her publication record traces that route exactly.

In December 2020 she was among seven authors on an American Journal of Hematology paper from the Massachusetts General Hospital coagulation laboratory reporting marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID-19 and its association with venous thrombosis (Stefely et al., 2020).

In August 2022 she was second author on an eight-author Transfusion paper from Brigham and Women's on unmasking delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle cell disease (Covington et al., 2022).

In December 2022, writing from the Neely Cell Therapy Center at Tufts, she was first author on a three-author Clinics in Laboratory Medicine review of blood group genotyping (Cone Sullivan et al., 2022).

Genotyping is the answer to the problem that defines her field.

Serological typing tells you which antigens a red cell carries today, as detected by the antisera a laboratory happens to hold; genotyping reads the genes and predicts the full antigen profile, including the rare variants that serology misses and that cause the antibodies nobody expected.

The underlying problem is one that routine transfusion hides. Most patients can be matched from the general supply.

A minority — typically those transfused repeatedly, in sickle cell disease, thalassaemia or haematological malignancy — develop antibodies against the red cell or platelet antigens they lack, and each new antibody shrinks the pool of compatible donors.

Platelet refractoriness is the sharpest version. A patient with a dangerously low count no longer responds to the platelets given to them, because their immune system clears the transfused cells on HLA grounds.

The answer is HLA-matched platelets, which have a short shelf life and require a matched donor available in the window the patient needs. Her research targets techniques to increase blood product availability for exactly those patients.

Two recent papers show the work that follows from running the service.

An April 2026 four-author Transfusion paper examines the consequences of there being no electronic interface between blood bank information systems and immunohaematology reference laboratory records (Rogers et al., 2026).

That is a plumbing problem with clinical teeth: a patient's known antibodies may sit in a reference laboratory's system and not in the one the hospital queries at three in the morning.

An August 2026 paper in Transfusion and Apheresis Science reports extracorporeal photopheresis for antibody-mediated rejection after cardiac transplantation (Cone Sullivan, 2026).

Photopheresis is a cellular therapy delivered through an apheresis machine, which is why the cellular therapy laboratory and the blood bank sit under one director.

In October 2026 she appeared among sixty-five authors on a JAMA Internal Medicine epidemiological study of transfusion-related alpha-gal syndrome (Kaufman et al., 2026).

Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy to a mammalian sugar, acquired from tick bites, and transfusion-related cases mean the allergen is arriving in blood products.

This is why the role is both laboratory and logistical. A blood bank director is running an inventory with expiry dates against a demand nobody can schedule.

She was named to the ASCP 40 Under Forty list in 2024.

Trained

Clinical pathology, Beth Israel Lahey and Harvard Medical School; transfusion medicine fellowship, Brigham and Women's Hospital. Previously directed a cell therapy collection centre at Tufts Medical Center.

Now

Assistant Professor; Director of the Blood Bank, Medical Director of the Cellular Therapy Laboratory and Programme Director, Transfusion Medicine Fellowship, Michigan Medicine.

Known for

Blood group genotyping; alloimmune platelet refractoriness; blood product availability for alloimmunised patients; ASCP 40 Under Forty, 2024.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: AABB provider profile, https://education.aabb.org/b/sp/jensyn-cone-sullivan-22224. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

Kyle Conway took his law degree at the University of Wisconsin in 2008 and practised for several years, including judicial clerkships with the Minnesota Court of Appeals and the Wisconsin Supreme Court.

He then took an MD at the University of California, San Diego in 2016, and completed a combined residency and fellowship in anatomic pathology and neuropathology at Michigan in 2020.

He is a neuropathologist in the department, with sources giving his rank variously as assistant, associate and clinical associate professor (University of Michigan Department of Pathology, n.d.; Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, n.d.; University of Michigan Health, n.d.).

His clinical service covers surgical neuropathology, nerve and muscle pathology, and the neuropathology core of the Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. That last role is a particular kind of work.

The definitive diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease is still made after death, by examining the brain for the distribution and density of protein deposits.

The research centre's cohort is assembled over decades of clinical follow-up, and the autopsy is the point at which the clinical diagnosis is finally checked.

The published record follows those three services closely.

In July 2026 he was among eight authors on an Acta Neuropathologica paper reporting chronic traumatic encephalopathy-type tau filaments in Alzheimer's disease with co-morbid LATE-NC, with a correction published that August (Rana et al., 2026).

That paper is about co-pathology, which is the finding that has quietly undermined the single-disease model of dementia: most elderly brains carry deposits of more than one protein, and the clinical picture is the sum.

An August 2026 Acta Neuropathologica study reports that sellar region neurocytomas carry a CpG island methylator phenotype and a neuroendocrine-like epigenetic signature distinguishing them from other tumours (Conway, 2026a).

In October 2026 he appeared among eighty-two authors on a Neuro-Oncology clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors in high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (Zhang et al., 2026).

Methylation profiling has reorganised brain tumour classification more thoroughly than any technique since immunohistochemistry, and an eighty-two-author series is what it takes to establish prognosis in a tumour type defined only recently.

Three further papers show the range of a working neuropathologist.

An October 2026 International Journal of Surgical Pathology report describes a retroperitoneal schwannoma carrying a novel PRCC::TFE3 fusion, in a tumour type where that fusion was not expected (Conway, 2026b).

A September 2026 report in the Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology describes disseminated BCGosis presenting as multiple intracranial lesions in an immunocompromised patient — a complication of a tuberculosis vaccine presenting as what looks like metastatic disease (Conway, 2026c).

A March 2026 Human Pathology paper sets out a practical approach to assessing high-grade diffuse gliomas and meningiomas (Zhu et al., 2026).

He also contributes to his department's own teaching record: he is second author, with Sara Bailey, on the 2025 collection of contributions from Michigan's New Frontiers in Pathology conference (Bailey and Conway, 2025).

She appears earlier in this issue.

Nerve and muscle pathology is the other unusual corner of his practice.

Peripheral nerve and muscle biopsies are uncommon, technically demanding to process, and read by a small number of people, so they concentrate in centres that have kept the expertise.

The law background is not decoration.

A judicial clerkship is training in reading a record closely, weighing evidence against a standard, and writing a conclusion that will be relied upon, which is a fair description of what a pathology report has to do.

No awards or society offices appear on his institutional record.

Trained

JD, University of Wisconsin, 2008; clerkships, Minnesota Court of Appeals and Wisconsin Supreme Court; MD, University of California San Diego, 2016; AP residency and neuropathology fellowship, University of Michigan, 2020.

Now

Neuropathologist, University of Michigan; neuropathology core, Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Rank given variously across sources.

Known for

Surgical neuropathology; nerve and muscle pathology; neurodegenerative co-pathology; methylation-based classification of sellar and glial tumours.

Global Pathology Review · The Editorial Desk · October 2026.

Image credit/source: University of Michigan Health provider profile, https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1982067039/kyle-stephen-conway. Usage terms for that page have not been cleared; the portrait printed here comes from the original edition's image set and is not the photograph held on that page.

This issue in figures.

23pathologists and laboratory scientists profiled

18subspecialties represented

165published sources cited

12,545words of researched profile text

9who hold no medical degree and run laboratories instead

7at the rank of associate professor

Counts are of the profiles in this issue only, as published.

The Path-iQ Global Ambassadors.

Path-iQ’s ambassadors are practising pathologists and trainees who carry the work into their own departments, societies and training programmes. They are listed here in full, in alphabetical order, because a network is only as real as the people willing to be named in it.

01Dr. Abhimanyu

02Dr. Abhimanyu Sharma

03Dr. Mohammad Abid

04Dr. Aisha Pervaiz

05Dr. Aishwarya Verma

06Dr. Aleem MD DNB

07Dr. Anju Dhali

08Dr. Ankit Goswami

09Dr. Anmol Dubey

10Dr. Ansar Fasaludeen

11Dr. Aparna Singh

12Dr. Arif MK

13Dr. Aashna Soman

14Dr. Beant Kaur

15Dr. Beso Patricia

16Dr. Bhuvi

17Dr. Daksha Shetty

18Dr. David Huerfano

19Dr. Deepa Anantha Laxmi N.V.

20Dr. Deepthimilana

21Dr. Dhrupal Patel

22Dr. Gurupriya

23Dr. Jenish

24Dr. Jofy George

25Dr. Kavita

26Dr. Keerthana Jonnalagadda

27Dr. Kekhrie Mere

28Dr. Kuljeet Kaur

29Dr. Lakshmi

30Dr. Lakshmi Chinmayee

31Dr. Manisha

32Dr. Mayuri Kute

33Dr. Menka Sharma

34Dr. Miral Mashhour

35Dr. Mohamed Mohieldin

36Dr. Muthukumar

37Dr. Najinder

38Dr. Pooja

39Dr. Pooja Katre

40Dr. Prachi

41Dr. Pradeep (Microscope Man)

42Dr. Prashant

43Dr. Rajalakshmi

44Dr. Rashida

45Dr. Rekha Jain

46Dr. Reshma Gurnani (Jeswani)

47Dr. Ruchi Mittal

48Dr. Rupal Bhadak

49Dr. Sakshi

50Dr. Saleha Tabassum

51Dr. Shayan

52Dr. Shraddha Bhardwaj

53Dr. Shruti Karhadkar

54Dr. Shruti Pattanshetty

55Dr. Smriti

56Dr. Sonali Pitale Singh

57Dr. Soni

58Dr. Sourabh Paranjape

59Dr. Steve

60Dr. Sujata

61Dr. Swati

62Dr. Talatnoor Sheik

63Dr. Tejaswini Reddy

64Dr. Utso Guha Roy

65Dr. Vijayendra Puri

www.pathiq.in · Sixty-five ambassadors as of October 2026.

01 · Rouba Ali-Fehmi

1. Wong, T. et al. (2025) 'Impact of molecular and immune signature on endometrial biopsies with atypical hyperplasia', Gynecologic Oncology Reports. Ali-Fehmi, R. is senior author of 16.

2. Jain, D. et al. (2026) 'Survival comparison analysis between cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma', Gynecologic Oncology. Ali-Fehmi, R. is senior author of 33.

3. Ali-Fehmi, R. et al. (2024) 'Analysis of concordance between next-generation sequencing assessment of microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry', JCO Precision Oncology.

4. Ali-Fehmi, R. et al. (eds.) (2022) Gynecologic Pathology. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97378-0.

5. Furuya, R.L. et al. (2026) 'Comparison of breast and gastric HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring criteria in the assessment of gynaecological tumours', Gynecologic Oncology, 16 authors.

6. Fehmi, Z. et al. (2026) 'Preserving medical education in conflict zones through transnational partnerships: field lessons', Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 8 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (2025) Top Docs 2025. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/mctp/archive/1706 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Rouba Ali-Fehmi, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1639116239/rouba-ali-fehmi (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

9. Wayne State University School of Medicine (n.d.) Rouba Ali-Fehmi. Available at: https://pathology.med.wayne.edu/profile/af7591 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

02 · Thomas Annesley

1. ADLM (n.d.) Thomas M. Annesley, PhD — Hall of Fame. Available at: https://myadlm.org/Community/Merit-Awards/Hall-of-Fame/Bios/T-to-Z/Thomas-Annesley (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

2. Annesley, T. (2021) 'The pen (pal) is mightier than the sword', Clinical Chemistry.

3. Annesley, T. (2022a) 'Formulas', Clinical Chemistry.

4. Annesley, T. (2022b) 'From the Manhattan Project to COVID-19', Clinical Chemistry.

5. Annesley, T. (2022c) 'Everyday people', Clinical Chemistry.

6. Annesley, T. (2026a) 'Tattoos', Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine.

7. Annesley, T. (2026b) 'Hidden figures of DNA. 1. June (Broomhead) Lindsey', Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine.

8. Annesley, T. (2026c) 'Hidden figures of DNA. 2. Florence Bell', Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine.

9. Annesley, T. et al. (2016) 'Clinical mass spectrometry: achieving prominence in laboratory medicine', Clinical Chemistry.

10. MLabs (2024) Dr Thomas Annesley receives Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award. Available at: https://mlabs.umich.edu/news/dr-thomas-annesley-receives-outstanding-lifetime-achievement-award (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

03 · Lois J. Arend

1. Arend, L.J. (2024) 'Methotrexate crystals on electron microscopy of kidney biopsy for acute kidney injury', Kidney Medicine, senior author.

2. Arend, L.J. (2025) 'Assessing predictors of acute and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy in native and allograft biopsies', American Journal of Nephrology.

3. Arend, L.J. (2025b) 'Fast processing of electron microscopic specimen preserved ultrastructure of glomeruli and electron-dense deposits', Modern Pathology.

4. Arend, L.J. (2026) 'Histopathologic spectrum of kidney diseases in Ethiopia: a 3-year retrospective single-center study', Journal of Nephrology.

5. Johns Hopkins Medicine (n.d.) Lois Arend. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/details/lois-arend (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

6. Renal Pathology Society (n.d.) Society leadership. Available at: https://renalpathsoc.org/page-1075807 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Dr Lois Arend. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1579 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

04 · Michael A. Bachman

1. Bachman, M.A. (2025a) 'Patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremic dissemination from the lung', Nature Communications, senior author.

2. Bachman, M.A. (2025b) 'Klebsiella pneumoniae evolution in the gut leads to spontaneous capsule loss and decreased virulence', mBio, senior author.

3. Bachman, M.A. (2025c) 'Arginine regulates the mucoid phenotype of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae', Nature Communications.

4. Bachman, M.A. (2025d) 'Integrating genomic and Tn-Seq data to identify common in vivo fitness mechanisms', mBio.

5. Bachman, M.A. (2025e) 'Infection characteristics among Serratia marcescens capsule lineages', mBio.

6. Bachman, M.A. (2026) 'Klebsiella pneumoniae factors enhancing bacteremia have distinct contributions to macrophage-mediated killing', Infection and Immunity.

7. Michigan Center for Infectious Disease Threats (n.d.) Michael Bachman. Available at: https://mcidt.umich.edu/directory/michael-bachman/ (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Bachman Lab personnel. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/bachman-lab/personnel (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

05 · Sara E. Bailey

1. Bailey, S.E. and Conway, K.S. (2025) 'Contributions from the University of Michigan 2023 New Frontiers in Pathology conference', Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

2. MLabs (n.d.) Breast pathology faculty. Available at: https://mlabs.umich.edu/divisions/breast-pathology (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

06 · Ulysses G. J. Balis

1. Association for Pathology Informatics (2018) Ulysses Balis — Lifetime Achievement Award. Available at: https://www.pathologyinformatics.org/ulysses-balis (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

2. Balis, U.G.J. (2025a) 'The Iris file extension', Journal of Pathology Informatics, senior author.

3. Balis, U.G.J. (2025b) 'Maintaining and broadening DICOM adoption in digital pathology: a response to “wearing a fur coat”', Journal of Pathology Informatics, senior author.

4. Balis, U.G.J. (2026a) 'Iris RESTful Server and IrisTileSource: an Iris implementation for existing OpenSeaDragon viewers', Journal of Pathology Informatics, senior author.

5. Mirza, K.M. et al. (2026) 'Bridging the digital pathology divide: reciprocal learning between high-resource and low-resource settings', BMJ Digital Health and AI, 10 authors. Mirza appears in Issue 03 of this series.

6. Balis, U.G.J. (2026c) 'Acute tubular injury versus acute interstitial nephritis in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project', JCI Insight.

7. Githuka, A. et al. (2026a) 'Lessons learned from the validation of a machine learning-based colorectal carcinoma screening tool', Journal of Pathology Informatics.

8. Githuka, A. et al. (2026b) 'Scalable, modular whole-slide imaging pipelines for low-resource settings: a practical framework', Journal of Pathology Informatics.

9. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Ulysses Gregory John Balis, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1770703480/ulysses-gregory-john-balis (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

07 · Robert C. Bell

1. Global Pathology Review editorial research (2026) Verification note: Robert C. Bell. No institutional profile page or attributable publication record located; training route recorded from the original edition's departmental listing.

08 · Bryan L. Betz

1. Betz, B.L. (2024b) 'Cell-free DNA extraction of vitreous and aqueous humor specimens for diagnosis and monitoring of vitreoretinal lymphoma', Journal of Visualized Experiments, senior author.

2. Betz, B.L. (2024c) 'Performance of fluorescence in situ hybridization in biliary brushings with equivocal cytology', Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.

3. Betz, B.L. (2025a) 'Cell-free DNA from aqueous and dilute vitreous improves detection of vitreoretinal lymphoma', Ophthalmology Retina.

4. Betz, B.L. (2025b) 'TRIM63 overexpression in FISH-negative MiTF family altered renal cell carcinoma', Modern Pathology.

5. Betz, B.L. (2026) 'Clinical ERG break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization assay: practical utility and lessons learned', American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

6. Betz, B.L. (2026b) 'ALK expression in nerve sheath myxoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall', Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.

7. Betz, B.L. et al. (2024a) 'Optimization of tumor dissection procedures leads to measurable improvement in the quality of molecular testing', Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.

09 · Daniel F. Boyer

1. Boyer, D.F. (2025) 'Cell-free DNA from aqueous and dilute vitreous improves detection of vitreoretinal lymphoma', Ophthalmology Retina.

2. Boyer, D.F. (2026) 'NCCN Guidelines Insights: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, version 2', Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 37 authors.

3. Hamnvag, H.M. et al. (2025) 'Secondary review of extramural hematopathology cases for patients referred to an academic center', American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 13 authors.

4. Lum, J. et al. (2026) 'Optical genome mapping reveals a recurrent translocation, t(14;16), in T/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia', Molecular Cytogenetics, 8 authors.

5. MLabs (2024) Dr Daniel Boyer named hematopathology section director. Available at: https://mlabs.umich.edu/news/dr-daniel-boyer-named-hematopathology-section-director (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

6. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Daniel Frederick Boyer, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1699902130/daniel-frederick-boyer (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

10 · Thomas Brenn

1. Alt, D.S. et al. (2026) 'Clinicopathological characterization of digital papillary adenocarcinoma with emphasis on low-risk cases', American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 8 authors.

2. Brenn, T. (2026a) 'Updates in skin adnexal tumors', Dermatologic Clinics, senior author.

3. Brenn, T. (2026b) 'Primary nodal poroid hidradenocarcinoma with YAP1::NUTM1 fusion: report of a rare case', Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, senior author.

4. Brenn, T. (2026c) 'Clinicopathological characterization of GLI1-altered mesenchymal neoplasms involving the dermis', Histopathology.

5. Brenn, T. (2026d) 'CARMN fusions and PDGFRB mutations highlight key differences among cutaneous tumors with myopericytic differentiation', Journal of Investigative Dermatology.

6. Brenn, T. (2026e) 'Novel fusion gene THBS1::ERBB2 drives a subset of superficial acral fibromyxomas', British Journal of Dermatology.

7. Goldman-Lévy, G. et al. (2026) 'WHO classification of skin tumours: key updates in the fifth edition', Histopathology, 88(3), pp. 555–568.

8. University of Calgary (n.d.) Thomas Brenn. Available at: https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/thomas-brenn (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

9. University of Edinburgh (n.d.) Prof. Thomas Brenn. Available at: https://pathology.ed.ac.uk/people/honorary/thomas-brenn (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

10. Wiedemeyer, K. et al. (2026a) 'Cutaneous neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation: a comprehensive update', Cancers, 4 authors; Brenn, T. is senior author.

11 · Scott C. Bresler

1. Aqeel, J. et al. (2026) 'Clinicopathological characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma in younger patients: a retrospective study', American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 7 authors; Bresler, S.C. is senior author.

2. Bresler, S.C. (2025a) 'Role of single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray in the classification of BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumours', Histopathology, senior author.

3. Bresler, S.C. (2025b) 'Gene expression profile-based test to predict melanoma sentinel node status: the MERLIN_001 study', JAMA Surgery.

4. Bresler, S.C. (2026a) 'Atypical fibroxanthoma/pleomorphic dermal sarcoma with osseous metaplasia: a series of three cases', Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, senior author.

5. ClinicalTrials.gov (n.d.) VISORB: vismodegib for orbital and periocular basal cell carcinoma, NCT02436408. Available at: https://cdn.clinicaltrials.gov/large-docs/08/NCT02436408/Prot_SAP_000.pdf (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

6. Dinh, T.A. et al. (2026) 'USP6 RNA chromogenic in situ hybridization is useful in the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis', Modern Pathology, 6 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Dermatopathology faculty. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/dermatopathology-fellowship/dermatopathology-faculty (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Scott Conley Bresler, MD, PhD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1760812523/scott-conley-bresler (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

12 · Noah A. Brown

1. Brown, N.A. (2023) 'MYD88 L265P analysis in vitreoretinal lymphoma', Retina.

2. David, M.P. et al. (2026) 'Landscape of approaches for streamlining pre-analytical and early analytical variables for solid tumor testing', Academic Pathology, 27 authors.

3. Dinh, T.A. et al. (2026) 'USP6 RNA chromogenic in situ hybridization is useful in the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis', Modern Pathology, 6 authors.

4. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Molecular and genomic pathology. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1329 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

5. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Noah Aaron Brown, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1780833145/noah-aaron-brown (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

13 · Sandra Camelo-Piragua

1. American Association of Neuropathologists (n.d.) Intraoperative neuropathology [Teaching rounds]. Available at: https://www.neuropath.org/assets/TeachingRounds/11_November_Intraoperative%20Neuropathology_Camelo-Piragua_FINAL.pdf (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

2. Camelo-Piragua, S. (2025) 'Diffuse astrocytoma, AYA-type, frequently MAPK-altered: report of 45 patients', Acta Neuropathologica.

3. Camelo-Piragua, S. (2026a) 'AI-driven label-free Raman spectromics for intraoperative spinal tumor assessment', npj Digital Medicine.

4. Camelo-Piragua, S. (2026b) 'A blueprint for local and distal invasion programs in glioblastoma', Nature Communications.

5. Camelo-Piragua, S. (2026c) 'Microenvironment-derived acetylated amino acids promote glioblastoma treatment resistance', Research Square [preprint, not peer reviewed].

6. Kondepudi, A. et al. (2025) 'Foundation models for fast, label-free detection of glioma infiltration', Nature, 24 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Neuropathology fellowship faculty. Available at: https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/neuropathology-fellowship/our-faculty (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Sandra Ines Camelo-Piragua, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1528273844/sandra-ines-camelo-piragua (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

9. Zhu, Y. et al. (2026) 'A practical approach for assessing high-grade diffuse gliomas and meningiomas', Human Pathology, 6 authors.

14 · Richard L. Cantley

1. Cantley, R.L. (2025) 'Aberrant CD45 immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a diagnostic pitfall — report of 10 cases', International Journal of Surgical Pathology.

2. Cantley, R.L. (2026a) 'Nodular fasciitis of the parotid gland mimicking pleomorphic adenoma', Diagnostic Cytopathology, senior author.

3. Cantley, R.L. (2026b) 'Fine needle aspiration cytomorphology of parotid gland oncocytoma: a case series', Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, senior author.

4. Chen-Yost, H. et al. (2026) 'Decreased interobserver variability in nuclear atypia of undetermined significance after consensus', Diagnostic Cytopathology, 5 authors.

5. Ferreira, J.E. et al. (2025) 'In-depth assessment of cytologic features in 106 cervical Papanicolaou tests of transgender males', Diagnostic Cytopathology, 7 authors.

6. Layfield, L.J. et al. (2026) 'Cytomorphologic predictors of adenoid cystic carcinoma: insights from a multi-center logistic regression model', Diagnostic Cytopathology, 8 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.a) New faculty in cytopathology. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/509 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.b) Fellowship directors. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1033/ (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

15 · May P. Chan

1. Chan, M.P. (2026a) 'Divergent cytotoxic and immunomodulatory immune programs distinguish morbilliform drug eruptions', Journal of Investigative Dermatology.

2. Chan, M.P. (2026b) 'Protein kinase C-fused blue naevi with gene rearrangements involving PRKCD, PRKCQ and PRKCG', Pathology.

3. Chan, M.P. (2026c) 'Uncommon location, diagnostic challenge: a case series of acral low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma', Virchows Archiv.

4. Hrycaj, S.M. et al. (2026) 'Utility of IL-18 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing dermatomyositis and lupus erythematosus', Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 9 authors; Chan, M.P. is senior author.

5. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Visual recognition talent leads to career in dermatopathology. Available at: https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1445 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

6. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) May Puiyan Chan, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1639318223/may-puiyan-chan (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

7. University of Michigan Medical School (n.d.) May Chan. Available at: https://medschool.umich.edu/profile/3843/may-chan (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

16 · David B. Chapel

1. Chapel, D.B. (2025a) 'Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of gynecologic carcinosarcomas with a mesonephric component', American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

2. Chapel, D.B. (2025b) 'Risk stratification of uterine smooth muscle tumors: the role of morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular findings', Advances in Anatomic Pathology, senior author.

3. Chapel, D.B. (2025c) 'The morphologic and molecular heterogeneity of fumarate hydratase-deficient leiomyomas', International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.

4. Chapel, D.B. (2026a) 'A case report of uterine dedifferentiated mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma with comprehensive molecular characterization', International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.

5. Chapel, D.B. et al. (2021) 'Composite nuclear grading system to predict survival in epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma', Modern Pathology.

6. Chen-Yost, H. et al. (2026) 'Immunohistochemical characterization of peritoneal inclusion cysts with squamous metaplasia', Histopathology, 7 authors.

7. Ma, L.X. et al. (2025) 'Comparative molecular profiling of “mixed endometrioid adenocarcinoma and adenosarcoma” of the uterus', American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 9 authors; Chapel, D.B. is senior author.

8. Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (n.d.) David Chapel, MD. Available at: https://ocrahope.org/bio/david-chapel (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

9. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (2026) Twelve pathology faculty promotions approved. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1756 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

17 · Ellen E. Chapel

1. Bachert, S.E. et al. (2025) 'Breast myoepithelial markers: problems and pitfalls for the practicing pathologist', Human Pathology, 3 authors.

2. Chapel, E.E. et al. (2025) 'The anatomic pathology hospitalist model: a novel approach to frozen section practice in a tertiary centre', Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 authors.

3. Kim, E. et al. (2026) 'Margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery: a comparative analysis of frozen section', Annals of Surgical Oncology, 9 authors.

4. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) It takes two: Drs David and Elle Chapel. Available at: https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1238/ (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

5. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Ellen Elizabeth Chapel, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1215467725/ellen-elizabeth-chapel (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

18 · Heather Chen-Yost

1. Chen-Yost, H.I. (2025) 'Detecting cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis: is biliary tract cytology useful?', Cytopathology.

2. Chen-Yost, H.I. et al. (2024) 'Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology', Diagnostic Cytopathology.

3. Chen-Yost, H.I. et al. (2024b) 'Second opinion for pulmonary and pleural cytology is valuable for patient care', Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 6 authors.

4. Chen-Yost, H.I. et al. (2026a) 'Accuracy of rapid on-site evaluation in robotic-assisted bronchoscopy fine needle aspirations', Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology, 7 authors.

5. Chen-Yost, H.I. et al. (2026b) 'Decreased interobserver variability in nuclear atypia of undetermined significance after consensus', Diagnostic Cytopathology, 5 authors.

6. Chen-Yost, H.I. et al. (2026c) 'Immunohistochemical characterization of peritoneal inclusion cysts with squamous metaplasia', Histopathology, 7 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Pulmonary pathology fellowship — our fellows. Available at: https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/pulmonary-pathology-fellowship/our-fellows (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Heather I-Hsuan Chen-Yost, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1255824744/heather-i-hsuan-chen-yost (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

19 · Jerome Y. Cheng

1. Association for Pathology Informatics (2025) Faculty. Available at: https://pathologyinformatics.org/2025-faculty (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

2. Githuka, A. et al. (2026) 'Lessons learned from the validation of a machine learning-based colorectal carcinoma screening tool', Journal of Pathology Informatics, 15 authors.

3. PathologyOutlines (2022) Jerome Cheng. Available at: https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/directory/jerome-cheng (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

4. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Careers in pathology: pathology informatics. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1169 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

20 · Stephen W. Chensue

1. Chensue, S.W. (2015) 'IL-23 activates innate lymphoid cells to promote neonatal intestinal pathology', Mucosal Immunology.

2. Chensue, S.W. (2016) 'Disruption of early tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling prevents classical activation of dendritic cells', mBio.

3. Chensue, S.W. (2021) 'Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff', Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology.

4. Chensue, S.W. (2022a) 'Vaccine breakthrough infections in veterans hospitalized with COVID-19', American Journal of Infection Control.

5. Chensue, S.W. (2022b) 'Effect of monoclonal antibody therapy on the endogenous SARS-CoV-2 antibody response', Clinical Immunology, senior author of 5.

6. Chensue, S.W. et al. (2022) 'SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody and ACE2 receptor binding inhibition levels among breakthrough infections', Microbiology Spectrum, 9 authors.

7. University of Michigan Board of Regents (2021) Retirement memoir: Stephen W. Chensue. Available at: https://regents.umich.edu/files/meetings/03-21/2021-03-VI-Chensue.pdf (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

21 · Eun-Young Karen Choi

1. Choi, E.Y. and Appelman, H.D. (2016) 'A historical perspective and exposé on serrated polyps of the colorectum', Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

2. Choi, E.Y. and McKenna, B.J. (2015) 'Olmesartan-associated enteropathy: a review of clinical and histologic findings', Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

3. Choi, E.Y. et al. (2013) 'Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with t(4;19)(q35;q13.1) CIC-DUX4 fusion', American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 9 authors.

4. Choi, E.Y. et al. (2014) 'Ewing sarcoma', Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 5 authors.

5. Smith, S.C. et al. (2015) 'CIC-DUX sarcomas demonstrate frequent MYC amplification and ETS-family transcriptional activation', Modern Pathology, 11 authors.

6. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) GI pathology. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1234 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

7. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Eun-Young Karen Choi, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1467773945/eun-young-karen-choi (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

22 · Jensyn K. Cone Sullivan

1. AABB (n.d.) Jensyn Cone Sullivan, MD. Available at: https://education.aabb.org/b/sp/jensyn-cone-sullivan-22224 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

2. AABB News (2025) The role of mentorship. Available at: https://www.aabb.org/news-resources/news/aabb-news/article/october-2025/the-role-of-mentorship (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

3. Cone Sullivan, J.K. (2026) 'Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of antibody mediated rejection following cardiac transplantation', Transfusion and Apheresis Science.

4. Cone Sullivan, J.K. et al. (2022) 'Blood group genotyping', Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 3 authors.

5. Covington, M.L. et al. (2022) 'Unmasking delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in patients with sickle-cell disease', Transfusion, 8 authors.

6. Kaufman, R.M. et al. (2026) 'Epidemiologic study of transfusion-related alpha-gal syndrome', JAMA Internal Medicine, 65 authors.

7. Rogers, K. et al. (2026) 'The absence of an electronic interface between blood bank information systems and immunohematology reference laboratory records', Transfusion, 4 authors.

8. Stefely, J.A. et al. (2020) 'Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID-19 is associated with venous thrombosis', American Journal of Hematology, 7 authors.

9. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Passing the torch: Dr Cooling's farewell and the future of blood banking at Michigan. Available at: https://pathology.med.umich.edu/news/1693 (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

23 · Kyle S. Conway

1. Bailey, S.E. and Conway, K.S. (2025) 'Contributions from the University of Michigan 2023 New Frontiers in Pathology conference', Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

2. Conway, K.S. (2026a) 'Sellar region neurocytomas exhibit a CIMP and neuroendocrine-like epigenetic signature', Acta Neuropathologica.

3. Conway, K.S. (2026b) 'Retroperitoneal schwannoma with a novel PRCC::TFE3 fusion', International Journal of Surgical Pathology.

4. Conway, K.S. (2026c) 'Disseminated BCGosis presenting as multiple intracranial lesions in an immunocompromised patient', Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology.

5. Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (n.d.) Kyle S. Conway, MD, JD. Available at: https://medresearch.umich.edu/labs-departments/centers/madc/people/kyle-s-conway-md-jd (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

6. Rana, J.K. et al. (2026) ‘CTE-type tau filaments in Alzheimer’s disease with co-morbid LATE-NC’, Acta Neuropathologica, 8 authors.

7. University of Michigan Department of Pathology (n.d.) Neuropathology fellowship faculty. Available at: https://www.pathology.med.umich.edu/neuropathology-fellowship/our-faculty (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

8. University of Michigan Health (n.d.) Kyle Stephen Conway, MD. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/1982067039/kyle-stephen-conway (Accessed: 21 October 2026).

9. Zhang, S. et al. (2026) 'High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors', Neuro-Oncology, 82 authors.

10. Zhu, Y. et al. (2026) 'A practical approach for assessing high-grade diffuse gliomas and meningiomas', Human Pathology, 6 authors.

Ali-Fehmi, Rouba01

Annesley, Thomas02

Arend, Lois J.03

Bachman, Michael A.04

Bailey, Sara E.05

Balis, Ulysses G. J.06

Bell, Robert C.07

Betz, Bryan L.08

Boyer, Daniel F.09

Brenn, Thomas10

Bresler, Scott C.11

Brown, Noah A.12

Camelo-Piragua, Sandra13

Cantley, Richard L.14

Chan, May P.15

Chapel, David B.16

Chapel, Ellen E.17

Chen-Yost, Heather18

Cheng, Jerome Y.19

Chensue, Stephen W.20

Choi, Eun-Young Karen21

Conway, Kyle S.23

Sullivan, Jensyn K. Cone22

Issue 02 · The 25

Twenty-five pathologists in twenty-one countries, chosen for what their work changed rather than where they sit.

Global Pathology Review is published by Global Pathology Publications. globalpathologypublications.com · www.pathiq.in